U.S. Constitution, Democracy, and Revolution: Influence of Reid and Scottish Enlightenment vs. Locke and Wilson
A Radical Take on Democracy: Wilson's Reidian Revolution Principle
In the realm of American constitutional law, the name of James Wilson, a Founding Father and a significant figure in the American Founding and Early Republic, is synonymous with the concept of popular sovereignty and the social contract. However, a lesser-known term associated with Wilson's work is the "Reidian Revolution Principle."
David Peters, a lecturer in history, politics, and law, has delved deep into Wilson's work, particularly his reliance on Thomas Reid's philosophy in formulating his democratic political theory. According to Peters, Wilson's Reidian Revolution Principle is at the heart of Wilson's contributions to the Journal of Scottish Philosophy (Issue 23.1) with his book 'James Wilson's Reidian Revolution Principle.'
This principle, central to Wilson's interpretation of the US Constitution, posits that the people can change any aspect of their governance at any time and for any reason. Wilson grounds this principle in Reid's philosophy, identifying it as a Reidian first principle.
Wilson's Reidian Revolution Principle, at its core, democratizes and legalizes revolution, making it peaceful, legitimate, and progressive. It challenges the traditional Lockean foundations of the US Constitution, emphasizing the significance of the Scottish Enlightenment.
In Wilson's theory, democracy is not a static entity but a continuous progressive revolution in governance. This re-conceptualization of democracy might transform unaccountable and unresponsive governments into tools of the people, continually improved or revolutionized through democratic means.
Wilson's vision of democracy positions government as a tool of the people, not as a monarchical or authoritarian force. This principle, located in the Preamble and the act of popular ratification of the US Constitution, allows for growth and flexibility, while also removing the fear of being trapped in a bad contract.
The painting 'The Adoption of the U.S. Constitution in Congress at Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Sept. 17, 1787' by John H. Froehlich, which hangs in the Pennsylvania State Museum, is a notable depiction of this historical event. It serves as a testament to the principles that Wilson championed, principles that continue to shape the democratic landscape of the United States today.
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